Chapter 7: Columbia Vishvavidyaalay me Adhyayan
Term added on Sunday 30th June, 2024 by Team
1913 se 1916 tak teen saal ke liye Babasaheb Ambedkar New York mein the. Unhone har pal apni padhai mein laga diya. Unhe pata tha ki fellowship ek bahut kimti avsar hai. Ve sirf uchch degree haasil karna hi nahi chahte the balki science, politics, sociology aur economics jaise vibhag ke maahir hona chahte the. Unke paas pehle se hi English aur Persian mein B.A.degree thi.
Ab unhone Political Science, Moral Philosophy, Anthropology, Sociology aur Economics ko apne adhyayan(study) ke vibhag chune.
Columbia University mein padhna Babasaheb ke liye ek jeevan-badal dene wala anubhav tha. Ise unhe shikshik jagat, naye vichaar aur buddhijeevi bahes(debates) mein le aaya. Unhe America mein vichaar aur abhivyakti ki azaadi kafi prabhaavit ki, jo Bharat mein sakta jaati pratha se alag thi.
Columbia mein, Babasaheb ko uss daur ke shreshth arthashastriyon aur samajik chintakon ne sikhaya, jaise Edwin Seligman, John Dewey aur Thorstein Veblen. Ve socialist club aur Federation of Indian Students mein bhi shaamil hue jahaan unhone leadership ke gun sikhne aur upyogi sampark banaane ka avsar paya.
Phir bhi Columbia mein unki zindagi me kathinaye bhi thi. Unhe jativaad,bhedbhav aur anyay jhelna pada jiske kaaran unhe garibi mein jeevan guzarna pada aur apne kharch chalane ke liye ajeeb naukriyan karni padi. Akeli aur ghar-pyaasi ke kaaran unhe tanhaapan bhi jhelna pada dur apne parivar aur doston se.
Phir bhi Babasaheb safal hone par tule rahe. Unhone economics, raajneeti shaastra aur samajik vishyon par lambe ghanton tak padhai ki, roz lagbhag 18 ghante. Apne hi vichaar aur theories bhi banana shuru kiye jo baad me unki Bharat mein activism aur raajneeti ko pravahit karega.
Columbia mein Babasaheb Ambedkar ke sabse mahatvapoorn anubhav mein samajik loktantra ke concept se pahchaan hona tha, jise unhone Bharat ke samajik aur arthik vikaas ke samaadhan mana. Unke hisaab se samajik loktantra se vanchit samaj tak shiksha aur rozgar ki pahunch achhi ho sakti hai aur satabdiyon purana jaatiya anyay khatm kiya ja sakta hai.
Columbia mein Babasaheb African-American civil rights andolan ke kai pramukh logon se mile, jaise W.E.B. Du Bois aur Marcus Garvey. Nasli samata ke un sangharsh se ve bahut prerit hue aur jaise America me African Americans ko anyay hota hai vaise hi Bharat mein jaativad ko samajhe. Yeh America ke anubhav ne Bharat me unki samajik nyay ke liye ladaai ko pravahit kiya.
Do saal ki lagan se 1915 me unhone apni M.A.degree prapt kiye, thesis ka vishay tha “Ancient Indian Commerce”. Unhone Professor Goldenweizer ke seminar mein 1915 mein ek paper bhi padha tha, vishay tha “Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development”.
Yeh paper baad me Indian Antiquary journal me May 1917 me chapa gaya, jo Ambedkar ka pehla published work tha. Iski mein unhone kaha tha ki endogamy jaaton ka buniyadi tatt hai.
M.A. degree ke liye kaam karte huye, Babasaheb ne ek sath Ph.D. thesis bhi likha, vishay tha “National Dividend for India: A Historic and Analytical Study”. Ye unhone 1916 me Columbia University me submit kiya aur 1924 me uski book “The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India” ke roop me award Ph.D degree di gayi. Yeh kitab P.S. King and Son publishers, London se published hui thi.
Babasaheb Ambedkar ne apna original dissertation Montague-Chelmsford reforms ke hisab se finance ke vishay mein sudhara. Yeh pustak unhone Baroda ke Maharaja Sayajirao ke naam samarpit kiya tha, aur iske Professor S.A. Seligman ka bahut prashansaatmak introduction tha jisme unhone Babasahab Ambedkar ke vishayagya ko sarahana kaha tha,“Nowhere to my knowledge, has such a detailed study of the underlying principles been made”.
Babasaheb Ambedkar